Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis of HIV-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension

first case of HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension [1]. Since then more than 131 cases have been described in the literature [2]. For this reason, HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension has been included as a definite cause of precapillary pulmonary hypertension according to the executive summary of the World Health Organization (WHO) [3]. The incidence of HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension is 1 in 200, much higher than 1 in 200,000 found in the general population [3]. No differences have been found in the clinical, histologic, and hemodynamic features between patients with HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension and HIV-uninfected patients affected by primary pulmonary hypertension.